Source: Hans Kouwenhoven / Eerste Kamer
Article

What does the Senate do?

Last updated: 30/10/2025, 09:26

The decisions of the Senate have a lot of influence on what happens in the Netherlands. What exactly is the Senate? And why are its decisions so important? In this article you will read why the Senate plays a major role in the governance of the Netherlands.

What is the Senate?

The

was first formed in 1815, when the Netherlands received a
. This year also saw the birth of the
. Since then, the Netherlands has had two Chambers that make and control laws together.

The Senate is an important part of the Dutch parliament. Together with the House of Representatives, it forms the

. The Senate consists of 75 members called senators. Senators are not directly elected by the people of the Netherlands. They are elected by the
of the twelve provinces.

How does the Senate work?

New laws usually begin in the House of Representatives. The plans are discussed, amended and approved there. They then go to the Senate.

Senators look at whether a bill is properly written down, whether it can be implemented and whether it is allowed under the Dutch constitution and other laws.

They discuss the plans in meetings and ask questions to the

if a measure has a major impact on people in the Netherlands. For example, with laws about asylum, integration or housing.

After the debate, senators vote on the bill. If the majority vote in favour, it becomes an official law. If they vote against it, the government must amend or withdraw the plan.

The Senate can also ask ministers and

questions about policies, such as refugee reception centres or measures affecting municipalities.

The Senate consults with civil society organisations

The Senate often discusses laws with experts who have practical experience with the subject. Therefore, senators sometimes receive letters or advice from

, experts or advisory councils. Well-known advisory councils are the Council of State, which tests laws against the Dutch constitution and other rules, and the
, which gives advice on topics such as work, income and the economy.

Civil society organisations, such as

, can also share their opinions or concerns about new laws. This way senators get a better idea of how rules work out in practice for people.

In this, the Senate operates differently from the House of Representatives: senators do not conduct negotiations or make new policies themselves. Their job is primarily to properly review existing bills.

Why is the Senate important?

The Senate ensures that laws are properly checked before being introduced. That way it prevents mistakes in the law or the unfairness of a rule.

This work is important for everyone in the Netherlands. Decisions in the Senate can affect everyday life: from rent and healthcare to education, work and asylum. By looking critically at laws, the Senate helps to ensure that the country is governed fairly and well.


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The information that you find on this platform comes from the human rights organisation VluchtelingenWerk Nederland (VWN), in cooperation with its partners.
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